From the Iatmul people, Papua New Guinea (early 1900s).

This human skull has flesh modelled in clay with cowrie shells and human hair. The skulls of ancestors were looked after as protectors of the community, to be displayed during funerary ceremonies. In Papua New Guinea, different groups have different beliefs about the afterlife. Some believe the 'soul' goes up into the mountains where it might be seen as a shimmer of light on the forest floor.